A lot of movies, books, and TV shows follow a typical arc: The "Hero's Journey."

Here's what that looks like (using Stars Wars Episode 4 as an example):

This 12 step storytelling framework is overkill in most marketing. But, you can capture its essence with a helpful framework:

"Emotional Resonance" maps. 

We buy with emotion and justify with logic. Stories tap into emotions, which tap into wallets.

When you script an ad, webinar, sales pitch, fundraising pitch, marketing email, or social post, map out the emotion you want people to feel as they consume it. 

Here are 3 arcs that Patrick shared:

You could have a bad product, mediocre offer and no ability to persuade people and still sell a ton if you have a ton of demand for your product.

(Masks and toilet paper were a great example of this during peak COVID) 

You need to find a market that's desperate for a solution. Typically this boil down to seeking improved health, increased wealth, or improved relationships. 

Four factors to find a great market with latent demand:

1. Pain
2. Purchasing power
3. Easy to target / easy to find your audience
4. It’s growing

Let's dive into each: 

Pain

They have to desperately need what you’re offering. It can’t be a nice-to-have.

How much you charge is proportional to the pain someone has and your ability to relieve it.

Share the dream of their life without that pain. 

Purchasing Power

If you target students, they cannot pay you $1200 for a course.

Target venture capitalists and they could cough up ten grand if you can make them more.

Easy to Target

But, if you can't get your offer in front of venture capitalists easily, then what's the point? 

You need to be able to consistently be able to get in front of a lot of your audience.

Where do they spend time? What mailing lists are they apart of? Social media groups? Communities/forums? What YouTube channels do they watch?  

Growing

Find a market that’s growing. You'll grow as it does.

Don’t go into the newspaper or radio business. You'll be fighting a downward trend. 

In short, an increasingly painful problem for people with money who are easy to reach.

Most social media advice for early-stage startups:

"Focus on one account, maybe the founder. Or just do something else, like ads." 

Well, Oliver, the 21-year-old college student and founder of tabs, did the complete opposite—and achieved months with $500,000 worth of sales of "sex chocolate" as a result. 

Here's how:

• They have at least 30 creators they work with.
• Each with their own tabs-branded TikTok account. Seriously, 30+ accounts.
• They each post 1-3 videos every day.
• They're all less than 10 seconds.
• Over a third of the accounts have > 10,000,000 total views.
• They feel like customer reviews, not ads.

Each of the 30 creators has their own unique link in the bio so they can track purchases. Assumably, they're all being paid per conversion—so the upfront cost for tabs is minimal.

Added benefit of this strategy:

Now, when tabs run ads on TikTok, Instagram, or Facebook, they have a ton of organic-feeling, proven-to-work ad creatives to use. 

PS: They're clients of ours at Ad Labs. We're running their ads now ;0

Tanay Jaipuria spent years working on Facebook’s algorithm to help make users’ feeds more relevant and engaging.

So when Twitter/X open-sourced its recommendation algorithm a few months ago, he couldn’t resist the opportunity to take a peek under the hood.

There was another algorithm update since his original article, so we've weaved in other analyses as well.

Here are some tactical recommendations to increase visibility on X:

1. Optimize tweets for maximum engagement.

• Include images and videos (including GIFs) for a 2x boost in ranking. Having 3 or 4 images can boost it even further.
• Post in the same language as your followers to avoid a 90% penalty.
• Tweet about trending topics. These are promoted in the "For You" tab.
• Avoid using multiple hashtags, which can result in a 40% penalty.
• Eliminate misspellings/unknown words to prevent a 95% penalty
• Ask questions. Replies to tweets are one of the biggest boosters.
• Don't link off platform. These get penalized.
• Avoid controversial (blacklisted) topics.
• Don't be offensive.

2. Build quality relationships with followers.

• Reply to people who comment. An author replying is worth 2x someone else replying.
  
• But, you can be penalized for engaging with low quality commenters—so don't engage with ones in the "show more" or with low quality / offensive profiles.
• Collaborate with users and influencers in the same niche.
• Share targeted, valuable content tailored to your audience’s interests.
• Showcase your personality and brand voice to humanize your presence and make your tweets more relatable.

3. Leverage user factors to boost twitter presence.

• Consider subscribing to Twitter Blue for a 4x boost for people who follow you and a 2x boost for people who don't follow you.
• Maintain a healthy followers-to-following ratio. You should follow no more than 60% of your number of followers.
• Improve your "TweepCred" score, similar to Google’s PageRank, by posting high-quality content, engaging with followers, and maintaining a positive reputation.
• Consider offering a premium subscription. Twitter/X makes money when people subscribe, so they're incentivized to boost you.

Combine the above factors with high-quality content and consistent posting, and you'll give your tweets a better chance of being seen and engaged by your target audience.

For deeper analyses check out Tanay's article, and NFT_GOD's tweets which are more recent (1 and 2). 

Let's build off the last one. 

Which of these orange circles is larger?

Almost everyone says the one on the right—when in fact they're the same size.

Why is simple: Our perceptions are completely relative.

Here are 3 ways to do that:

#1. Change your competitive set

If you don't choose who you're compared to, people will do it for you.

Seedlip naturally would have been compared to a $2 bottle of Schweppe's Tonic Water. So instead, they used premium branding to be compared to the cost of a bottle of gin.

#2 Create a "decoy" product

Make your core product seem cheap by comparing it to a premium option.

The Atlantic famously did this with its pricing. The $100 plan is to make the $59.99 (another classic pricing hack) seem more reasonable.

#3 Highlight the cost of NOT using your product (the alternatives) 

Durex doesn't compare itself to Trojan. Instead, it compares it to the cost of a baby:

Money has zero intrinsic value.

Money has value because we all believe the same story that it is valuable. In a zombie apocalypse, your $20 bill becomes valuable as a heat source—and your credit card useless.

Van Gogh and Monet paintings are worth millions only because enough people believe the stories that the artist and society created around them. Countless paintings were made with similar aesthetic value, but are forgotten by history.

Your product's value is the same—it depends on the story you tell.

You need to craft compelling narratives that position you as the obvious choice—across the full customer journey.

As April Dunford says, you need to become "Obviously Awesome."

Do that, and instead of selling a $5 soft drink, you're selling a $35 "non-alcoholic spirit."

Here are April's 12 steps to becoming obviously awesome:

1. Identify your most eager customers and what they love.
2. Assemble diverse folks across your team to help define the story.
3. Have an open mind. Try not to succumb to confirmation bias.
4. Identify REAL alternatives to using your product (like sleep for Netflix).
5. List your product's superior, verifiable features (2x suction, not "user-friendly").
6. Determine your features' value to customers.
7. Pinpoint customer segments most likely to care.
8. Pick a market segment that isn't dominated and dominate it. That could be:
   
9. An entire market (chips)
10. A subset (potato-free or baked chips)
11. A new market ("dehydrated superfood")
12. Connect your product to a current trend (ex: Millennials reducing alcohol consumption)
13. Create a document for the team to reference
    
14. Name and description of product
15. Market and market segment
16. Alternatives to your product
17. Product’s unique and superior features
18. Tangible value it adds to customers
19. The characteristics of ideal customer
20. Weave the narrative into your marketing and sales collateral
21. Track and adjust if necessary. 

Your unique story is hard to get right, but if you do it can do wonders.‍

#10 is a key step.

You need a system that the whole team can use to tell that story. 

We can help you craft that story, and the system to tell it—for hooks, ads, landing pages, emails, and more.

Learn more about our Story Systems

Now the average is ~0.35%.

A 222x decrease!

Andrew Chen calls this the "Law of Shitty Clickthroughs." Essentially, a new marketing tactic's effectiveness will be short lived. We're drawn to novelty (like the flashing banner ad), but as soon as it becomes common, we tune it out and it stops working.

That's why with any marketing, you need to stand the f*&k out (as Louis Grenier would say). 

But this is particularly true with ads where you're blowing money on every impression.

You need to not trigger the "this is an ad" reflex.

Here are some ad types that currently help with that:

1. Customer reactions

Show a user (or actor's) reaction to using the product. 

• Dramatic expressions grab attention.
• A lower quality "iPhone" shot or video feels more organic. 
• You can showcase your product's "wow" or "magic" moment.

2. Customer testimonials

Social proof is powerful. Share customer text reviews or testimonials. Even better, share a video testimonial. We use Testimontial.to to collect ours—like this one from Alex M H Smith about Unignorable.

3. Unboxing

People love unboxing videos. Oddly, even if it's for a product they know nothing about. There's built in mystery and curiosity, and opening up new products is a pleasurable moment for people so we have positive associations with them.

Cut your video to highlight the most exciting moments in the first few seconds.

4. Product walkthrough

Have a customer, influencer, actor, or just a team member do a selfie-style walkthrough using the product. It feels natural and let's you show off the product.

With all of these, make sure to have a good "hook" to get people invested quickly.

And if you're a startup spending <$50k per month in ads (or looking to get them started), our new service, Ad Labs, we can run the ads for you.

40~60% of users who sign up will never actually use your product.

So, nailing the onboarding experience is a key way to increase conversion and retention.

Wes Bush shares what he calls the "Bowling Alley Framework." Here's what that means:

Wes breaks this down in 3 phase:

Phase 1: Build your straight line path

Your user signs up, and hits the product (current state). You want them to get to the "magic moment" where they discover the value your product brings them (desired outcome).

1. Step 1: Map out the current path they take from Current State to Desired Outcome.
2. Step 2: Label each step as Green (necessary), Yellow (advanced features, can be introduced later), and Red (can be removed completely, like a phone number field).
3. Step 3: Remove all Reds. Delay all Yellows. You want nothing but green lights.

Phase 2: Create Product Bumpers

These are elements within the product that push people towards the desired outcome.

1. Welcome Message: Welcome them in, restate value props, and motivate them.
2. Product Tour: This is a step-by-step tour that hand holds them to the Desired Outcome. Let people opt out if they don't want that.
3. Progress Bars: Show their progress to being fully up and running to illustrate they still have stuff to step up. It gamifies onboarding.
4. Checklists: Similar to progress bars, show a checklist of the steps remaining.
5. Tooltips: Have tooltips pop up to show them where to click next.
6. Empty states: If parts of the UI aren't ready to go yet, have a message that explains why it's empty and link to what they need to do it fill it.

Phase 3: Create Conversational Bumpers

Product bumpers only work if they're actually in the product. Often, people will sign up and then bounce.

Conversational bumpers are to bring them back into the product.

This includes a lot of different email types, like onboarding, welcome, case studies, trial expiration, and post-trial surveys.

For a deeper dive into all 3 phases, check out Wes' full article.

Chewy Thompson started a daily fitness challenge on his Instagram 8 days ago. Here's his follower progress:

• Day 1: 520 followers
• Day 2: 526 followers
  
• Day 3: 535 followers
  
• Day 4: 644 followers
  
• Day 5: 1938 followers
  
• Day 6: 16000 followers
  
• Day 7: 50,000 followers
  
• Day 8: 88,000 followers
  
• Current: 128,000 followers

The premise is:

• For every 1 follower total, he walks 1 inch each day.
• For every 1000 followers total, he does 1 pushup each day.
• At the end of each daily video he says "I'm deleting this channel in (365-X, where X is days into the challenge) days unless I reach 1 million followers"

At the end of the challenge he'll be doing 1,000 push ups and walking 15 miles per day. Which at this rate is the end of this week—he struggled even just doing 1 pushup.

I think this works so well because:

1. It's gamified, the more followers the more he has to do.
2. People love watching people suffer. Mr Beasts most popular and highest retention videos are of him suffering (in a box underground).
3. It's a heroes journey and people get to follow along and see him get fit.
4. He has this big goal of working out with John Cena and people want to help him.
5. There's stakes. He'll delete his account if he doesn't hit 1M followers.

Of course, there's more to it. Here are the 6 core ingredients of viral content.

Copywriting is one of the most important skills.

Whether you're writing:

• Ads,
• Landing pages,
• Fundraising pitch decks,
• Cold emails,
• Social posts,
• Negotiations, or
• Speeches

You need to write clear, compelling copy if you want the person on the other end to take the action you'd like them to.

We created this cheatsheet that covers Hooks, Literary Devices, Tips, Post Types, and Frameworks. High-res version.

There are 3 fundamental elements to a potential viral content idea.

Most people when they create content stop after the first two:

Topic + Format + Creative Concept = Viral Content Idea

Let's dive into each and how they fit together:

#1. Topic

What are you writing or talking about? A person, a concept, a framework, an observation?

And, what emotion or outcome are you trying to achieve?

• Entertain
• Educate
• Inspire
• Surprise

#2. Format

How will you present this topic. This includes whether it's a text-only post, a video, a carousel, a podcast, or an image.

This also includes how you structure it, such as:

• X vs Y (comparing ideas)
• Analytical (deep-dive or teardown of something)
• Actionable (step-by-step breakdown on something)
• Present / Future (how things will be different)
• Interview
• Story

#3. Creative concept

The sky's the limit here. This can take the form of gamification, concept mashups, hair-brained ideas, gamification, or absurdism.

This is the realm of MrBeast. $1 to $1B yachts. Being hunted by an assassin. And putting someone alone in a circle for 100 days.

Most people don't add the creative concept. "5 tips to increase sales" is a topic with a common format. Nothing creative about it; therefore, unlikely to go viral.

An example

Billie Eilish (Topic) + Interview (Format) + Ask questions while she eats insanely spicy wings (Creative Concept) = Billie Eilish Freaks Out While Eating Spicy Wings

And 50,000,000 views. Exponentially higher than other videos on Billie Eilish.

You can't create the best ideas in a vacuum.

And everything you need to know about your customers and their needs, desires, and fears are on display somewhere online. Here's the S.C.A.R.F. method for finding them:

Social

Browse LinkedIn, Twitter/X, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube (wherever your audience is)

Search for posts about your niche, topic, competitors, industry, and products.

• Read comments and pull out benefits and objections
• Write down 10 words creators use to describe problems

Competitors

Find 3 competitors and go through their website and social media accounts.

• Write down 5 powerful pieces of copy they use
• Scan product pages for unique selling ppints
• Use SEMrush to see their Google Ads
• Find their ads and click through the funnels

Affiliates

Affiliates are incentivized to learn how to pitch products.

Use Goole and SEO tools like SEMrush and ahrefs to find affiliates in your niche (or that mention your product or a competitor's product)

• If they talk about your product, note how they pitch it or how they review it.
• If not, see how they talk about competitors.

Reviews

If you have reviews for your product, export them into two lists:

• List 1: 1-3 stars, find objections
• List 2: 4-5  stars, find benefits

Visit competitor's and do the same.

Forums

Find relevant subreddits and forums (find them with google).

• Track most popular topics. Note objections, pain points, benefits.
• Focus on their desired lifestyle/outcome, the stories they tell, and the words they use to describe things.

Monthly: $49
Annual: $490

^ every startup product ever. 

It's simple, clean, and they save 17% by doing annual. And you guarantee 10 months of revenue and hopefully reduce churn. Win-win.‍

But, is it the right choice? 

Probably not.

You don't see this trends as often with established companies.

Daniel says the trick is to price your annual plan at slightly more than your average LTV for monthly users.

So, if your average monthly user stays around for 4 months ($49 each), price your annual plan at 5 months ($245).

Daniel did this at Codecademy, and claims it was their best tactic at increasing LTV and reducing churn.‍

Takeaway: Consider running this pricing experiment if your average monthly retention is less than 12 months. 

Another, counter-intuitive benefit

More mature companies have figured this out. Meaning you can estimate the average retention for mature software products. Examples that Daniel shares:

• Netflix: Only offers monthly plans. Their average user likely stays around for over 12 months (guilty). Spotify is the same.
• Headspace: $12.99/mo vs $69.99/yr. Ratio of 5.39, so their monthly users likely stay around for ~4 months.
• Calm: $14.99/mo vs $69.99/yr. Ratio of 4.67, so their monthly users likely stay around for ~3-4 months.

Build this into your competitor analysis process!

And check out Daniel's full write up here.

We decide with emotions.

Logic is often what we use to convince ourselves that our emotional decision is the right one, or to justify a past emotional decision.

Rory Sutherland shares a prime example in his book Alchemy. One of his clients was sending out physical letters asking for donations. Like all good marketers they A/B tested several different variations to see which brought in the most money:

1. Control. The regular letter asking for donations. 
2. Donation matching. They highlighted that the government would match their donations, effectively doubling the impact of their donation.
3. Heavier paper. They put the letters on higher quality, thicker paper.
4. Hand delivered. They highlighted that a volunteer hand-delivered to their door.
5. Horizontal opening. They used a special envelope that opened on the end, not on the typical long side of the envelope.

Variations 3 through 5 seem rather weird and extraneous to the whole point. And logically, the variation that highlighted the donation matching should do the best, right? You tell people that a $10 donation is actually $20, isn't that more motivating?

Wrong.

Variation #2 (donation matching) did worse than control. Variations 3 through 5 all beat the control, and the best was variation #5 (horizontal opening).

But if you asked those people why they donated, they'd probably say "it's a worthy cause, blah blah blah" and not "the weird envelope got my attention."

This is what Rory calls psycho-logical—logical in the context of human psychology. 

An ad example

We used this principle 6 years ago for a client of ours that sold powerful computers for machine learning/AI purposes. We made an ad variation that made no sense:

You wouldn't assume sloppily adding dog ears and nose onto a $10,000+ work computer would make it more likely that someone would purchase it.

Yet, this became one of their best-performing ads at the time.

It stopped the scroll and made them look a little closer. And no one else had done it. 

So be a little crazy with your ideas.

When you're starting a business, choosing a product, or even a topic for your personal content, you de-risk it by first identifying your unfair advantages.

A combination of unique assets and attributes that make you more likely to succeed.

The 5 ways you can have an "unfair advantage" are:

#1. Valuable Assets

Having money is an obvious unfair advantage. You can either fund your business, or at least work on it without stressing about paying rent.

Most don't have this one, obviously. A great way to start a business without a lot of money is by doing consulting or running an agency (like we did with Bell Curve).

#2. Knowledge and Education

95% of startup founders have a bachelor's degree or higher. 47% have a Master's or higher.

A degree can also be a disadvantage if you spent 4 years and $200,000 to get a degree that's not relevant to building a business. 

But, in general, knowing more is better. So learn learn learn. 

#3. Location and Timing

There's a billionaire who owns an island near me that made his money from working in telecommunications at the perfect time. He saw that mobile phones were coming and correctly predicted that telecom companies would need to place towers on top of a lot of random hills.

He quietly bought up a ton of these key properties. And then sold/leased them to telecom companies for insane amounts of money.

Study trends. Predict what will be needed if the trend continues. 

#4. Interpersonal Skills

85% of financial success comes from the ability to communicate effectively. Only 15% comes from technical skills or knowledge. 

Charisma can be learned: Give people your full attention. Work on projecting confidence. Genuinely care about others well-being.

#5. Prestige and Social Connections

Prestige is people's interpretation of your skills and status. A product launched by Bill Gates or Elon Musk is more likely to succeed just because a lot of people know and trust them.

Social connections are both "who you know" (do you know a bunch of rich investors, influencers, or potential high value first customers?), as well as your friend circle. Are you surrounded by other motivated, successful people, or are you surrounded by people who laugh at your ambition?

Choose your circles wisely. 

–––

Other examples of Unfair Advantages in the wild:

• Ali Abdaal was in Cambridge Medical School (a prestigious university) so had an unfair advantage making YouTube videos on how to get into medical school.
  
• Lex Fridman was an PhD AI researcher at MIT when he started his podcast, giving him access to some of the top AI researchers—including Elon Musk.
• Marc Andreessen went to the University of Illinois for computer science right after the US government dumped a ton of funding into specific universities for the development of the early Internet. Which then led to him creating Netscape. 
• And we have a big network of both founders and marketers, making it easy for us to launch a free matchmaking service for companies hiring agencies/freelancers.

Find your unfair advantage (or create one) and exploit it. 

A lot of startup landing pages are extremely confusing—particularly software. 

Way too often I hit a website and have no clue what they sell—even if I stick around and read all the features and benefits on the homepage.

Confused people bounce and never return.

A landing page needs to answer these questions to be successful:

1. What is the product?

What does it do and how does it solve a problem they have? Be extremely obvious.

Don't use fluffy filler words. Explain it like you would to grandma or nephew at Thanksgiving.

2. Is it right for me? Am I the target audience?

A tool that helps you "be more productive" is completely different if it's for a single parent, a corporate executive, or a solo creator.

Be clear whose problem the product solves—they'll feel more confident buying.

3. Is it legit? 

Or does it look like a phishing/scam site to get your credit card info?

Invest a little in design. 80/20 is fine. Question 4 also helps

4. Who else is using it? (Social proof)

People are more likely to buy if people and companies they respect are also customers. "Oh if Airbnb and Microsoft say it's good, it must be!"

And if you add links to tweets from real accounts, it'll be verifiably legit.

5. How much?

Tell them how much it’s gonna cost them. 

It's a waste of everyone's time if someone expects to pay $50/mo and gets quoted $5,000/mo after a 30-minute sales demo.

Bonus: Find clever ways to position it so that the price seems like a deal.

6. Where can I get help?

You can't anticipate every question, and no one reads every sentence on the page or FAQ.

Make it easy and obvious to contact you so you can answer their questions.

This also makes it seem more legit and that support is readily available. Use common questions to fix the copy on your landing page so fewer people ask it.

7. How do I take action?

What is the next step that you want the person to take? It should be obvious. 

Bonus: Match the CTA to the "temperature" of the lead.

If they're coming in cold, don't ask them to buy immediately. Get them on a newsletter or free trial. If this is a landing page for a retargeting campaign or email, drive to a sale.