This is one of my favorite tweets about startups:

Clearly, it resonated with quite a lot of other people, too.

Why?

It summarizes a truth that I immediately got but failed to articulate previously:

Every successful person got lucky, and their success is near impossible to replicate.

Note: Paul Graham says that a founder’s best way to replicate this is to increase their luck surface area by meeting people, writing online, building an audience, living in a major city, etc.

This tweet taps into one of the most powerful ideas behind impactful marketing: relatable truths.

Tapping into relatable truths makes your message more powerful and memorable.

In the book A Self-Help Guide for Copywriters, Dan gives examples of relatable truths you can tap into during Christmas holidays:

Notice how you felt after each of them. Did you find yourself nodding along?

I know I did.

Let’s dive into the different types of relatable truths.

Here are a few ways to categorize relatable truths:

• Context: Truths related to where the message is seen. For example, an ad in LA:

• Holidays/events: Truths related to the current or recurring events such as advertising your product during Valentine’s Day, Christmas, a US election, a recession, or a global pandemic. 
• Industry: Truths related to the specific industry you operate in. For example, startups/business (like Andrew’s tweet), kids toys, dating, clothing, and for marketers:

• Cultural: Truths related to social, societal, or cultural trends. Ranging from:
  • Hype trends: AI, crypto, Clubhouse, BeReal, and Squid Game.
  • Culture shifts: Sustainability, remote work, DEI, personal brands, creator economy, urban diaspora, video > books, anon accounts, and mental health awareness.
  • Technological shifts: Internet, mobile, AI, blockchain, virtual reality/metaverse, 3d printing, quantum computing, and nuclear fusion.
  • Memes: rick rolling, ok boomer… too many to list.

• Human: Truths related to core human behavior and psychology. This is the most broad-reaching and hardest to categorize. For example, how people act in an embarrassing moment:

Spend time brainstorming relatable truths for your product, industry, culture, and context. And add to this list whenever you come across one.

They’ll help your marketing resonate.

Your marketing efforts are wasted if the landing page sucks.

Luckily, it's a good idea to use a proven template rather than get too creative.

Wait, don’t I constantly tell you to be creative?

Yes, 100%, your marketing needs to be creative to stand out.

But creative layouts confuse people.

So, be creative with marketing (ads/content/email) and practical with conversion.

Here's a checklist for nailing the perfect landing page (high-res version):

Thanks to our friends at Tuff Growth for creating this A+ infographic—particularly Sean Tremaine, the genius writer and designer behind it.Let’s dive into each of these sections some more.

✔️ Hero Section:

The hook is everything:

• Header: Clearly state what you do and why it matters.
• Subheader: Expand your headline. How do you do it?
• Image/Video: Visually communicate your product.
• Call-to-Action (CTA): Place an OBVIOUS button that guides the user to the next step.
• Navbar: Key conversion pages/sections only (Pricing, FAQ, Features)—and make it sticky.

✔️ Social Proof #1

Social proof is one of the biggest motivators:

• Display usage numbers or logos of well-known customers to build credibility and trust.

✔️ Benefits/Features Sections:

Features = talking about yourself.Benefits = talking about them.

• Benefit Headers: Clearly state your product or service's main benefits.
• Feature Subheaders: Explain how they get that benefit with your product’s features.
• Image: Use visuals to reinforce the benefits and show your product in action.
• Use bullet points & icons for easy reading.
• Repeat your CTA button for each section.

✔️ Social Proof #2

There’s no such thing as too much social proof.

Go deeper with testimonials/case studies/reviews.

• Testimonials: Include quotes from satisfied customers, ideally with names and photos, to add authenticity.
• Case Studies: Highlight the results your customers have had.

I dove deep into the science of using reviews here.

✔️ FAQ Section:

• Don’t assume they read the page. Repeat key details.
• Handle the most common objection.
• Don't lay on the marketing speak, just give the facts.

Tip: Ask support and sales for common customer questions and objections.

✔️ Final CTA Section:

Make it glaringly obvious how you can help and how they can take action:

• Hammer in the top value prop.
• Make the CTA clear and persuasive.
• If a form, use as few form fields as possible.

✔️ Footer Section:

• Only link to key conversion pages.
• Make it painfully obvious how to contact you.
• Privacy and Cookies Policies and Terms are mandatory.

Note: Of course, you can layer additional sections as appropriate for your startup. You can add pricing sections. Problem agitation. How it works. Product gallery. Your mission. And so on.

This is a purely skeleton to build on top of.

Quick Tips

• 90% of the work is done by the hero. Make it hooky.
• Your CTA Button should be the most glaringly obvious thing on the page.
• Be short and clear. Optimize for scannability.
• Mobile friendly is mandatory.
• If you have the traffic volume, A/B test regularly to find the copy and images that convert best. If not, get a lot of feedback from people.

Check this off next time you build an LP, and you'll be ahead of 90+% of folks.

Want to get ahead of the rest?

Get our extremely detailed guide walking you through how to perfect each section.

Hold up, what’s the difference between hard and soft sell ads?

A hard sell is classic direct-response advertising. Think:

• Bold claims
• Coupon codes, offers, trackable links
• Sometimes (though not always) a focus on product features (not benefits)
• The goal is an immediate sale or at least get you into a funnel

For example, this static ad from Vessi:

Can’t get more hard sell than that really.

With soft sells, the goal is to connect with the viewer by showing them you understand their lifestyle, values, and pain points. It’s not about an immediate sale but rather forming trust that you can trade for a sale (or referral) later.

A soft sell looks like this:

• No pushing for clicks
• No discount codes
• Highlighting your product’s benefit to the viewer (not the features)
• Solving a problem the viewer is experiencing
• Gently positioning your product in the context of something the viewer already finds valuable
• Tapping into the user’s identity

Let’s look at three examples: a B2B one curated by me and two B2C ads curated by Nice Ads.

This first one is from Thermacell

What I love:

• Feels like an organic post. The creator walks through a solution to a familiar audience problem: mosquitos. This is the type of content most folks follow this creator for.
• The creator highlights the product's benefit (rather than a feature). We don’t care how the Thermacell works. But we care a lot about a fun evening outdoors without mosquitos.
• It’s a soft sell. There’s no link. No discount code. They’re earning trust and playing the long game (and hopefully increasing branded searches).

This second one’s from Jack Links:

What works?

• It’s goofy and entertaining.
• The entire video is raw. You can’t tell it’s an ad until the creator specifically highlights Jack Links halfway through. Even then, it’s about 2% of the video.
• This is the type of content people follow this creator for. Simple, but that’s what makes the ad engaging.
• Again, it’s a soft sell. The mention of Jack Links is concise and positions the product as a solution to this audience’s known problem. Hungry while out adventuring? Jack Links is for you.

Last one, B2B this time, and an ad for Instantly

Check out the full post here, but here's the opening:

Why I like it:

• It's legitimately useful content for people trying to set up a modern cold outreach practice. It gives free value.
• It shows how Instantly fits into a workflow, removing the confusing guesswork for them.
• In no way does it feel like it's promoting Instantly. They aren't mentioned until tool #4, and there are 4 other tools mentioned.

This organic post is now being promoted by Instantly as an ad to drive leads to their product (using the Thought Leadership ad type on LinkedIn).

Often the best ads are great organic social posts.

Just so we're clear, we don’t hate hard sell ads. Far from it.

They’re valuable and have a place in most solid ad strategies.

The ideal playbook is a combination of hard and soft sell ads, for example:

• Hard-sell ads targeting folks who watched or engaged with soft sell ads.
• Soft-sell when using influencers (as they’ll be concerned about enraging their audience, and a more organic plug will likely perform better).
• Or even soft-sell organic content and promote it if it does well.
• Hard sell for retargeting campaigns.

Use both in your ad strategy to grow fast and far 🙂

The Internet used to be extremely ugly:

• Flashing banner ads
• Under construction signs
• Horrible font and color choices.

To compete, stand out, and build trust, people started making websites look prettier, more trustworthy, and higher production value. 

With each new competitor and campaign, we all kept raising the quality bar.

The problem now? 

Everything is incredibly manicured and over-engineered.

YouTube is all $50k camera and lighting setups. Instagram photos are heavily edited and filtered. Some websites look like pieces of art.

How do you stand out now? By reverting back to the ugly days.

“Ugly ads” and low production value content is on the rise. We talked previously about Sam Sulek’s massive success on YouTube despite (because of?) ugly thumbnails, terrible titles, horrible lighting, and zero production value. 

When taken to an extreme, ugly ads stand out, make you double take, and make you share them.

But they can also masquerade as regular, organic content.

Here are some amazing “ugly,” yet effective, ads

Brand: Surreal

• Screenshot of interface on a billboard, lolwut?
• Hilariously bad graphic design
• Purposely lazy, fourth-wall breaking ad copy

Brand: Wandering Bear

• “In the wild” shot of the product in action
• Looks like your dad took a photo of his fridge and posted it

Brand: Nuts.com

• Excessive close-up with odd cropping
• A+ pun work
• Scribbled ad copy on a box and post-it

Brand: birddogs

• X vs. Y comparison making alternative look bad
• Instagram story aesthetic
• Emojis for familiarity and casualness

Brand: Harry’s

You can find the full video in this collection.

• Low budget phone video of their competitor in store
• Looks completely organic
• Makes you immediately curious

Ugly Ads work for a few reasons:

If they’re over-the-top hideous:

1. They look completely different than everything else in our feeds.
2. It's incomprehensible someone would make an ad that simple or ugly, so it's surprising and delightful.
   • Like when Surreal creates an entire billboard of a screenshot of a horrible, fourth-wall-breaking ad made in PowerPoint.

If they’re just low production value:

1. They look and feel like organic posts.
2. We crave authenticity, simplicity, and rawness.

Next steps

Next time you’re creating ads and content, try taking the opposite approach to what you’re used to. Specifically make an ad that looks low production value.

And shout out to the king of ugly ads, Barry Hott for making a lot of these. Follow him for inspiration.

To learn more:

• Check out a repository of Barry Hott’s ugly ads
• Check my carousel with 6 more examples of ugly ads and why they work—my top LinkedIn post of all time.

Oatly asked a kind of dumb question.

“How can we sell oat milk to people who don’t drink it or want to drink it?”

Aren’t we supposed to sell to people who actually want your product?

But by doing so, instead of going after the small market of not-milk drinkers, they went after the gigantic market of cow milk drinkers. And they did that with bold branding, going after baristas, and some insane marketing campaigns.

Last week we talked about how companies in boring categories (like oat milk) need to either keep it super simple (puppies on a toilet paper package) or need to make it interesting by being over the top fun/ridiculous. Oatly has taken the over the top route. 

Let’s highlight 3 of their most clever campaigns:

It’s like milk but for humans + F*CK OATLY

This is one of Oatly’s primary marketing messages—subtly reminding people how odd it is that we drink milk intended for baby cows:

These ads got Oatly banned or sued in countries like Ireland and Spain with influential dairy unions.

In response, they created fckoatly.com, pretending to be anti-Oatly:

They didn’t stop there; they made various satirical sites pretending to hate the anti-Oatly or anti-anti-Oatly sites. Here’s fckfckoatly.com:

They go all the way to fckfckfckfckfckoatly.com until they ask you to call a number.

The Dairy Deal

Next, they went after the dairy industry’s climate impact by buying billboards and print ads like this all over the place:

They’re challenging the dairy industry

And if you go to the URL in the corner (oatly.com/DairyDeal), it takes you to a full site pitching the deal to dairy reps (actual deal with up to 140k GBP value):

Note: I think it would have benefitted them if they published the number somewhere in the marketing since otherwise people wouldn’t really know these stats:

Paris cleverness

Paris has some funny laws. 

A mural advertisement can’t contain both text and an image of the product. So they painted a bunch of bold, text-only murals, and then cleverly positioned objects in front of the walls to complete the picture:

To dive more into some of Oatly’s top ads, I’ve compiled them into a carousel.

We want to be the Patagonia of dishwasher tablets.
We want to be the Apple of accounting software.
We want to be the Lululemon of toilet paper.
We want to be the Tesla of bathroom grout.

Being the something of something is attractive because it’s shorthand for a lot of hard to describe elements that make up a brand.

But obviously these above statements are all a bit ridiculous. 

What makes them ridiculous is the total mismatch between the brand's sexiness and the product category's utter lack of sexiness.

In short, as Alex puts it, “the inherent interest level of a category determines how nuanced and complicated the strategy can be.”

• Interesting = nuanced, sophisticated and rich brand strategy
• Boring = simple and to the point strategy

Here’s Alex’s complex graph to illustrate the concept:

Let’s dive into examples to illustrate this.

Examples of inherently interesting categories:

• Cars
• Health
• Beauty
• Fashion
• Investing
• Furniture
• Travelling
• Technology

With all of the above you can think of various examples of interesting brands that spend countless dollars building a rich brand identity. Tesla, Nike, Athletic Greens, Apple, Airbnb, Lululemon, Patagonia, IKEA, LVMH, L’Oréal.

People spend countless hours researching these categories. They’re hobbies. They’re down-right obsessions for some people.

Examples of inherently boring categories:

• Cleaning supplies
• Office supplies
• Toilet paper
• Accounting
• Appliances
• Insurance
• Oat milk
• Taxes
• Paint
• Law

Most people want to spend as little time thinking about these categories as possible—get in, buy something, and get out. Please never mention it again.

If you sell toilet paper, a legitimate strategy is to slap some puppies or kittens on the package to indicate it’s soft. People already know why soft is good. Try to sell people on your brand values and people will roll their eyes.

Here are some examples of brands who have managed to make their boring product more interesting by keeping their strategy simple:

Oatly

Non-dairy milk alternatives is a boring category. So Oatly differentiated with absurd branding, advertisements, and marketing schemes:

Liquid Death

Is there anything more boring than water? 

Liquid Death opted to be the opposite of all other boring water brands by leaning into absurd death metal vibes and wacky advertisements like this:

Who Gives A Crap and Dude Wipes

Toilet paper is one of the most boring and uninteresting categories.

Both Who Gives A Crap and Dude Wipes didn’t try to win you over with complicated brand values, instead they went for “let’s be a fun toilet paper brand” 

Who Gives A Crap relies on its funny name and fun packaging:

Dude Wipes leans in harder with puns (and a more specific audience):

How to determine if your category is interesting

A great test to measure a category's inherent interest level is to look up how many big YouTubers exist in the category and its subcategories.

There are countless YouTubers who just talk about cars. There are even a ton who just talk about Teslas. Therefore, cars are clearly interesting, so you must have an interesting and nuanced strategy to compete.

None exclusively talk about toilet paper. 

Therefore, it’s clearly not interesting, so you must keep it simple.

Check out Alex’s full article for more, or read his book. And otherwise, check out our Growth Vault for more lessons on strategy.

“What you see is all there is.”

– Psychological bias coined by Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman.

Brains are lazy. We tend to only evaluate the information that’s currently presented rather than tapping into all our knowledge about the world.

Smart marketers use X vs. Y content to leverage this psychological bias.

For example, this ad for Loop earplugs:

Now, you’re only comparing Loop earplugs to the old foam ones—not the much better custom-molded earplugs.

This comparison causes you to tunnel vision on how they present the options, allowing them to control how you perceive them.

Take note of all the clever things the ad does to make the alternative look unappealing in comparison.

This is called the X vs. Y content type, where you compare two things, situations, or states of being, usually one “good” and one “bad,” with an interesting takeaway.

Usually, the “good” represents the thing you sell, either directly or indirectly.

This is easiest to understand with more examples:

X vs. Y examples

You can use X vs. Y in ads or in organic posts.

And you can either directly compare your product to competitors or indirectly compare two things related to your product.

Let’s dive into what this looks like:

Direct product comparisons:

This healthycell product is a bit odd. People expect to take a pill to help sleep, not use a tube of gel. This ad quickly demonstrates what it’s for and shows the entire pharmacy you’d have to swallow to replace it.

And this Huel ad positions the product and controls the narrative effectively by comparing a Huel meal to just instant noodles (not a home-cooked meal) on metrics it can easily crush it on:

Here I launched our ads agency for startups by comparing how most ads agencies work versus how ours works:

Indirect comparisons:

These examples don’t compare two products. Instead, they compare more complex things, but the goal is still to build intention for their product.

The most famous of course, is Apple’s “Get a Mac” campaign, where instead of comparing a Mac directly with a PC, it compares the type of people who use them:

This optometry company shows how the world view you with and without glasses:

Nikolas Konstantin is a CEO Coach with a focus on mindfulness. He uses this graphic to illustrate people’s errors in how they approach health. His mindfulness coaching services are more attractive when you share that world view:

Rob’s carousel doesn’t directly compare his SEO agency to others. Instead, it sneakily highlights his values and expertise in SEO:

Ways to frame X vs Y ads/posts

• Using your product vs Not using it
• Competitor vs You
• When you do X vs Y (or don’t do X)
• Before vs. After
• Past vs. Present or Present vs. Future
• What people want vs. What they get
• What people think vs. Reality
• Group A vs. Group B
• Perspective X vs Y

There are endless ways to do this. Use the above examples to get started.

Dive into my carousel for 17 examples and their timeless marketing lessons.

Read this ad (forwards and backwards):

Source: @dailyadcoffee

Copywriter Jon Morrow defines power words as “persuasive, descriptive words that trigger a positive or negative emotional response. They can make us feel scared, encouraged, aroused, angry, greedy, safe, amused, or curious.”

These emotions drive action.

What’s remarkable about this ad from Patagonia isn’t that it uses power words. All great copywriting does.

But it taps into different emotions depending on the order you read it.

• Reading from the top down, they cause anger and anxiety: screwed, it’s too late, we don’t trust anyone, we don’t have a choice.
• From the bottom up, the emphasis changes entirely to hope and encouragement: choice, livable, imagine, healthy future.

Brilliant. Read it again to notice how this affects you.

(tbh I also love the hook of "we're all screwed.")

The poem is followed by the tagline, “Buy Less, Demand More.” That’s shocking from a retailer and extremely affecting.

The takeaway? Appeal to your readers’ emotions.

We justify with logic, but emotions drive our actions. Emotions are why we:

• Share things that go viral
• Donate to causes
• Buy what we buy (or don’t buy what we don’t need, in the case of Patagonia).

Let's dive into the data of the viral power of emotions:

The viral power of emotion

Jonah Berger's (author of Contagious and Wharton professor) research shows that activating emotions like anger, excitement, amusement, and awe drive action more than happiness, sadness, and contentment.

Here are the stats from analyzing thousands of New York Times articles:

• Awe inspiring = 30% more likely to share
• Anger = 34% more
• Anxiety = 21% more
• Amusement = 29% more
• Sadness = 16% less

And positive emotions are 13% more likely to lead to being shared. So much for the classic adage, "If it bleeds, it reads."

Consider how your copywriting instills awe, fear, amusement, anxiety, arousal, anger, greed, safety, or curiosity. If, instead of triggering a high-arousal emotion, it makes you feel merely content, a little bit sad, or just kind of bored—rewrite.

Thanks for reading.

Dive into 50+ copywriting tactics in our Growth Vault.

Copywriting is one of the most important skills.

Particularly for founders and marketers.

Here are 6 simple and effective tips to improve your copywriting. 

Use them to rewrite your ads, landing pages, and that email in your drafts asking your boss (or cofounder) for a raise.

1. Make it about them—not you (your product)

People don’t care about your product. They care what your product can do for them.

What problem are you solving for them? And how does their life improve as a result? 

Here are some company examples:

2. Make it relatable

Selling something novel or complex? 

People don’t buy things they don’t understand.

Relate your product to something they already understand perfectly. They’ll get it immediately.

Metaphor example:

• Bad: Portable MP3 player with 8GB of storage
• Good: 1,000 songs in your pocket

Analogy example:

Note: The “no fees” is an example of “objection handling”—preemptlively addressing the most likely objection.

Ask current customers how they explain your product to a friend. Find the analogies and metaphors they use.

3. Cut the fluff

Do free flow writing. Then ruthlessly cut words that don’t add value:

• Adverbs
• Adjectives 
• Filler

Fluff weighs down copy and makes it harder to read. 

4. Use simple words

Even someone with an IQ of 160 enjoys reading at a 5th grade level:

• Avoid industry jargon. 
• Pretend you’re explaining it to your grandma or nephew.

It doesn’t matter how educated your audience is:

Harder to read → less engagement → less growth

Tip: Use the Hemingway Editor to check the readability.

5. Be specific

Don’t make people think—be specific and concise. 

Specificity helps people quickly understand your value.

Numbers and descriptive details work great. But only if they show the value customers get from you.

Remember: Only you think your value is obvious.

x6. Use active voice (not passive)

Active voice results in shorter, sharper sentences that are easier to follow.

But what does that mean exactly? Here’s an example:

The active voice makes your customer the hero of the story, and your product is the supporting character—not the other way around. This makes it far more compelling and easier to imagine.

Copywriting cheatsheet

Which is your favorite? Hit reply and let me know.

The Bullseye Exercise Framework helps you narrow in on the most effective marketing channels for your startup—rather than spreading yourself thin over all 19 growth channels.

It’s not perfect as presented and leaves some things to interpretation

But I’ll help fill in some blanks with other frameworks/data.

Let’s walk through it step-by-step:

Steps to Implement the Bullseye Exercise Framework

1. Brainstorm: Generate ideas for each of the 19 traction channels (see below).
2. Rank: Prioritize the channels based on their potential impact.
3. Test: Conduct cheap tests to validate the highest potential channels.
4. Focus: Double down on the most effective channels.

Let’s dive in.

Step 1: Brainstorm

Identify all potential traction channels that could be used to attract customers. The 19 traction channels are:

1. Viral Marketing (going viral organically on social platforms)
2. Public Relations (PR) (pinging journalists)
3. Unconventional PR (going viral with publications)
4. Search Engine Marketing (SEM)
5. Social and Display Ads
6. Offline Ads (billboards, radio, etc)
7. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
8. Content Marketing
9. Email Marketing
10. Engineering as Marketing (product-led)
11. Influencers
12. Business Development (BD)
13. Sales
14. Affiliate Programs
15. Existing Platforms
16. Trade Shows
17. Offline Events
18. Speaking Engagements
19. Community Building

Write down at least one idea for each channel, even if it seems impractical.

Step 2: Rank

Rank the channels based on three criteria:

1. Potential: How big is the channel’s audience, and how well does it align with your target market?
   1. Writing the hilariously large size of the channel’s audience is silly and feels like something you'd do in a business plan. I would focus on how well it aligns with your target audience.
2. Cost: How expensive is reaching and converting customers through this channel based on the channel and your resources? For example:
   1. Ads = $$$
   2. Outreach = effort
   3. If you're a skilled writer, you can create content yourself.
3. Feasibility: How realistic is it to successfully execute a test in this channel with your current resources and capabilities?

Ex: If you have zero budget, a lot of ads is off the top.

Prioritize the top three to five channels that score highest across these criteria.

I feel like this part is missing a lot of guidance.

Not all of these things work for all kinds of businesses. I recommend using this chart from Right Percent as a guide (I wrote about it previously here):

Step 3: Test

Startups have limited resources. Always best to test first.

Red Bull can commit to the Stratos jump because they can afford to. But you should start small scale.

Design inexpensive tests to validate the potential of your top-ranked channels.

The tests should provide enough data to understand if the channel can be a significant source of growth.

Let’s use Lenny’s Racecar Growth Framework (covered here) to give better guidance on how that might look. Check out the Kickstarts and Turbo boosts:

Other testing methods include:

• Running a small ad campaign. It likely won’t be profitable at first, but as long as it’s generating conversions roughly in the right ballpark.
• Reaching out to a handful of journalists for PR.
• Creating content on LinkedIn for a couple of months.
• Setting up a basic affiliate program and contacting your list.

Measure the results in terms of cost per acquisition (CPA), conversion rates, and overall engagement to determine which channels are worth further investment.

Look for clear winners.

If there are no clear winners, keep testing.

Step 4: Focus

Once you find a winner, go hard.

In the Racecar Growth Framework, that’s the Growth engine. The self-perpetuating engine where growth begets growth (ex: profitable ads → more budget to run ads). Another name for these is Growth Loops.

Allocate more resources to these channels and scale your efforts. Continue to monitor their performance and make adjustments as necessary.

Practical example

Let's say you're launching a new productivity app.

After brainstorming, you decide to rank and test the following channels:

1. Sales: Cold outreach campaigns.
2. Community Building: Create a community.
3. Social and Display Ads: Run Facebook and Google Ads.
4. Influencers: You convince or pay influencers to talk about you.

You run small tests for each:

• Sales: Create very targeted lead lists using LinkedIn. Write very personalized messages and offer free value. 
• Community: You become active in existing productivity communities—easier than making your own.
• Ads: You run a small-scale ad campaign pushing towards the product/lead magnet.
• Influencers: You recruit a few micro influencers to post about you.

Then based on the results, you’ll decide to lean into one of these and make it more scalable.

The goal is to find a scalable growth engine that’s right for your startup where it is now. Use this framework to help you find it.

Jenny has 1.6B views on 124 YouTube Shorts, averaging ~13M views per video.

Previously, we covered the overall structure she uses for her videos, but she recently shared a teardown line-by-line, second-by-second for one of her videos with 21M+ views, How Many Ice Cream Flavors Can You Get with $1?

Let's dive in!

Note: These tips apply to any short-form video content, including B2B video ads.

The Hook

Here’s the opening Hook:

Hook Takeaways:

• Get right into it. No pre-ample. Just start doing it and explain as you go.
• Don’t waste time saying anything explained visually. She didn’t need to say “of frozen yogurt” because you know that already.
• Use visuals to aid comprehension. The $1 bill on the cup visually reinforces the concept of “she only has $1, and it’s going to be spent on froyo.”

Note: Hook and explain quickly. Check out the 1,3,5+ framework for more.

Foreshadow/Context

Next, she sets the stage with conflict and stakes with the line: “That’s going to be like $20 and it’s only vanilla:”

Takeaways:

• Quickly give context on what they need to watch the video. If a cup with a single flavor costs $20, then it will be hard to get a lot of flavors for $1.
• Her over-the-top facial expressions are to show you how to feel.

Transition

Then, she Transitions into the main action of the video seamlessly: “So I brought a tiny cup to get every flavor without spending more than a dollar.”

Takeaways:

• Transition into the action quickly and seamlessly. Don’t waste time standing in front of the camera intro’ing. Just explain as you’re doing it.
• Recap the concept again. You’re hitting people with a lot of info at once, and you randomly came up in their feed. Keep reminding them and re-hook them.

Body

Then she fills the tiny cup with froyo and does a lot to keep you engaged:

She adds drama to make it interesting:

• The machine spits, and her mom says: “They’re going to kick you out.”
• She introduces the main struggle (with intense music), “I was more concerned that the more flavors I added, the less space I had in my cup.”
• She purposely makes a “mistake” by adding the same flavor twice.
• She eats a bit of the double flavor and asks, “Is this cheating?” and her mom says they’re going to call the cops on her.

She inserts her CTA halfway through the video with a subtle comment from her mom: “All this for one subscriber,” which gets people in the mindset to subscribe.

• Add CTAs in the middle of the video at peak action rather than at the very end. A big virality signal is someone re-watching your video—a boring CTA at the end prevents that.
• But it’s also smart, as many people will bounce right after they get the payoff from watching the video (seeing how many flavors she can fit and if it’ll cost less than a dollar). If you do the CTA first, almost everyone will see it.

She adds a visual reminder of the concept and the progress:

Conclusion

• As she finishes and walks towards the scale, she says: “14 ice cream flavors, is it going to be less than a dollar? This reminds people of the premise, so they’re more invested in the answer.
• Her mom says: “No, I don’t think so,” to add drama.
• She stands there holding $1 and looking stressed to add drama and continue to reinforce the concept.
• She uses intense, crescendoing music and a series of fast cuts between her face and the cup, like a drum roll, to add drama and intensity again.
• She subtly encourages people to watch her other related video by ending the video with her mom saying, " No ice cream for you again!”
• It ends abruptly, as her mom says that, so the video's retention rates are high throughout (if you linger after the high note, people won’t re-watch).
• Again, don’t put the primary CTA here. Put it earlier in the video when everyone is hooked on watching it, or do it subtly as she did.

Want to learn more? Watch Jenny’s full video, her analysis, our previous breakdown of her Short structure, and her interview on Creator Science.

It doesn't matter if you make organic content or ads; this is key info.

Ever heard of this adage?

New problem, new solution.

Old problem, old solution.

Say you’re setting up a Shopify store or trying to grow on LinkedIn. You should probably go to YouTube and blogs for the most up-to-date resources, not consult classic literature.

But if you’re trying to figure out how to eat healthfully? This is an old problem. Humans have been shoving food in their faces for hundreds of thousands of years. Old solutions have stood the test of time. The latest diet trend has likely been tried dozens of times throughout history.

This also applies to marketing. Capturing attention and convincing others to do something are some of the oldest problems. 

Today, we’ll show you three old newspaper print ads, and how you can use the principles in your copywriting today to grow.

Let’s dive in.

Sandtex show don’t tell

These ads from 1984 are smart:

What they do well:

• They’re visually interesting and grab attention. Extreme close-ups of two objects. One smooth; the other cracked. The words are huge.
• They succinctly show the benefits. In 8 words and 2 objects, they tell you what it is and why it’s better than competitors.

Cheetos daring below the fold

This one is surprising. Usually, in copy, you want to captivate your reader in the first three seconds. But here, the first 90% of the words have absolutely nothing to do with the product.

It takes a whole 33 words to get to the punch line. Which is literally below the fold—you have to open the folded newspaper just to see what this is all about.

It shouldn’t work. But it does. Here’s why.

• It’s daring. It does the opposite of what we expect: to be sold something right away. It zigs where others would zag.
• It’s sensory. When we finally do get to the punch line, it’s in a high-contrast bright orange—just like the person’s fingertips. And those fingers tap into three senses: sight, taste, and touch.
• It makes you think and chuckle. You have to put two and two together to get it. That gives you a nice hit of dopamine and a chuckle.
• It’s curiosity piquing. Your brain is a categorization machine. It demands to know what connects seemingly unlike things. 

To write memorable copy, make it different, make it vivid, and make it curious.

Porsche’s “before vs after”

Here’s a classic car copywriting tactic in action.

BAB: before-after-bridge.

• Before: The problem/pain point your audience is facing. Like driving behind a Porsche in a car that’s not a Porsche.
• After: What life is like when that problem/pain point is resolved. Hands grip a sport steering wheel.
• Bridge: The solution—your product—bridges you from before to after.

I like BAB because it spotlights experience. Try to zero in on and accentuate what it’s like to have or not have your product.

The Sandtex and Porches ads broadly fall under X vs. Y, a very common and powerful format in ads and organic content.

Wrapping up

These ads? Old but gold. In short:

• Lean into striking images, be succinct, and show the benefits.
• Be bold, different, and peek curiosity.
• Use the before-after-bridge copywriting framework to sell the dream.

Want to be inspired by old print ads? Find more here and here.

1. Ads get attention and pique interest.
2. Landing pages convert interest into intention.
3. Emails convert people over time when they're ready.

Remember: It’s rare to see something for the first time and buy it immediately.

Use these steps to write email sequences that sell for you and make your acquisition efforts more profitable.

We need folks to open, engage, read, and take action. Let’s dive in:

1. Get people to open

Only three things dictate whether someone opens an email in their inbox:

1. Your reputation (the “from”)
2. The subject line
3. The pre-header (shown in most email tools)

Here’s what those look like:

A reputation is earned slowly. The subject line and pre-header are more immediately controllable. They need to hook people to get them to open.

Three triggers that cause people to click:

1. Self-interest: Offer email subscribers something that's going to help them.
   1. Example from Spotify: “Playlists made just for you”—save them time and effort.
2. Emotional interest: Spark positive emotion.
   1. Example from Typeform: “You're invited to the premiere”—make them feel special.
3. Relational interest: Get them to like you, trust you, and want to hear what you have to say.
   1. Example from Allbirds: “Leave a lighter footprint”—build connections to the brand and mission.

Write subjects and pre-headers that spark one of these three interests, and they’re more likely to open.

There are many more ways to hook. Subscribe to our free email course on Unignorable Hooks.

2. Get people to read it

Email copy needs to check these boxes:

• Aggressively concise. Don’t waste time with fluff.
• Not clickbait. Fulfill the expectations you set in your subject line.
• Keeps hooking them. Your subject line gets them to open, your opener gets them to keep reading. Continue to build interest and keep them engaged.
• Make the email valuable itself, but promise even more value that’s only delivered when subscribers click your CTA.

Help your readers. And do it succinctly. ‍Frameworks like PAS and AIDA can help:

3. Design it for engagement

Words aren’t everything. Once people open your email, they reflexively decide if they’re going to read it, skim it, or bounce based on their first impression.

Here are a few tips for designing attractive, engaging emails:

1. Make it easy to read and skim. Use a standard, large-ish font (12px to 16px).
2. Design for mobile, then adapt that design to desktop. Most people will read your email on mobile.
3. Hi-fi or lo-fi. If you’re going hi-fi, make it look great and on brand. If lo-fi, make it look like a regular old email sent by a person. Either can work well.

A job well done from Starbucks:

It’s simple, attractive, and easy to read on mobile.

4‍. Get people to take action

Why are you sending this email? 

Optimize the email to achieve that goal. If your goal is:

• To increase webinar signups, a possible CTA would be “book your spot” (which we think is a bit more motivating than the standard “register now”).
• To get feedback, your CTA might be “take the 1-minute survey and get 20% off.” Adding a time frame clarifies the commitment level.
• To drive sales, your CTA might be “Get 20% off today only.”

These examples are specific and directly relevant to the page at the other end of the click. We call these calls to value. Instead of generic prompts, they provide clear value to the reader.

Here’s an example of steps 2, 3, and 4 done right:

Why Cameo’s email works: 

• It’s personal—timed just before the recipient’s birthday. 
• The paragraphs are short and conversational. They use vivid language that paints a picture: You can have socks, or you can celebrate with a celebrity. That’s an appealing either/or. 
• The CTA “Celebrate…” is a clear, specific next step to getting value that leaves you curiously wondering: “which celebs?”

5. Measure, then improve

Don’t just create once and call it done. Monitor performance, figure out what needs improvement, and keep experimenting.

Pay close attention to click-through rate (what percentage of folks are clicking your CTAs) and, if your goal is a sale, revenue per email/subscriber.

We cover the most important email KPIs and how to use them in an article here.

There you have it!

Email funnels are the perfect supplement to a strong ad and organic strategy. 

Use this process to write good emails and place them in your sequences to convert more of your traffic.

A meh post with a strong hook will significantly outperform a strong post with a meh hook.

It’s just a fact of human nature.

We ignore everything that does not appear to satisfy our needs.

We’re constantly assessing each new stimulus (of which there are a near infinite amount these days) to quickly determine if it will fulfill our needs or not.

In developed societies, our needs have become primarily psychological (feel good) rather than physiological (get food).

We want to feel:

• Inspired and in awe
• Superior (the feeling around being outraged at some bonehead’s behavior)
• Like we’ve “learned” something
• Useful
• Entertained while we procrastinate doing work

We make snap judgments. Once that judgment is set, it becomes the anchor.

If you start weak, you have to work hard to get yourself out of the hole.

If you start strong, you have more leeway.

Success and failure compound

Every time someone fails to make it past your content's hook, they're less likely to get past it in the future.

Your reputation will precede you.

Some creators (like Huberman) write huge walls of text. He gets away with it because he’s built a reputation that what he posts is worth reading. To develop that, you must create things that people want to read consistently.

Here are the 10 hook types that get someone to consume your content:

Just remember, this applies to more than just social posts. It applies to ads, posts, sales emails, articles, podcasts, newsletters, and pitch decks

They all need to hook someone in or risk losing them.

Let’s dive into each of the hook types now.

#1. Establish credibility.

Tell them WHY they should trust you.

1. Your own accomplishments: “I sold my last company for $600M.”
2. Your own efforts: “I spent 100+ hours analyzing the top hooks on LinkedIn.” – Naim Ahmed
3. Someone else’s: “The 12 smartest things ever said by Simon Sinek.” – Eric Partaker

#2. Pique curiosity.

Open a loop they want to close with a question:

Or the start of a story:

#3. Celebrate wins.

People like to celebrate, and it gives them an obvious thing to comment.

1. “Today is my 35th birthday.”
2. “I just hit 250,000 newsletter subscribers.” ← combo of credibility
3. “I just sold my company for $10B.” ← combo of credibility

#4. Embody the counter-narrative:

Challenge a commonly held belief.

1. “People do not have short attention spans.” – Julian Shapiro
2. “Everyone is wrong about the metaverse.” – Shaan Puri

5. Surprise them.

Surprising facts often go viral as they grab your attention, make you feel something, and make you want to share it.

1. “75M baby boomers will retire by 2030.” – Codie Sanchez
2. “The average age of a successful entrepreneur is 46.”

#6. Promise value

Tell them what they’re going to gain from reading and why that’s important.

It can be as simple as these:

#7. Speak to their identity:

Call out exactly who it’s for and why they should care.

1. Use a Barnum-style statement/question:

1. Label them directly: “A rare find for my fellow movie nerds.” – Julian Shapiro

#8. Scare them a little:

1. Fear of Missing Out: “If you’re not mastering AI, it will master you.”  – too many people
2. Fear of Being Outdone: “I run a $400k/yr business with 0 employees” – Katelyn Bourgoin
3. Fear of Doing it Wrong: “Most companies suck at onboarding new team members.” – Wes Kao
4. Fear Itself: “LinkedIn can ban your account. YouTube can delete your account…” – Jake Ward

#9. Speak eloquently:

Label a feeling they’ve had but haven’t know how to articulate. You want them to say either:

1. “Finally, someone said it!”

1. “That’s so damn true.” **

1. “I never thought about it that way.”
   1. “Your number one job as a parent is to provide unconditional love to your kids, because it’s the one thing that they can’t get anywhere else.” – Naval

#10. Show your face

We’re hard-wired to look at and respond to someone’s face. We look where they’re looking and assign more value to it. We mirror the emotion displayed on the face.

This can be done tastefully (just showing your face), or it can be done less tastefully like you might see on YouTube:

Combine them for max benefit

Treat these as the fundamental building blocks. They hit the core emotions, but you will often hit one or more of these with an opener.

For example:

And that's all folks. If you wanna dive deeper, I go deeper in my article.

Otherwise, here are a few resources I’ve created to help:

• The 10 types of posts and how to use them. Use these to systematize your content creation process.
• 10 Copywriting Tips. 80/20 tips to improve copywriting.
• 7 Copywriting Frameworks (with cheatsheet). So you don’t have to start from scratch; these frameworks make “fill in the blanks.”
• Breakdown of the top 30 hooks on LinkedIn. Each hook is color-coded to show the smart thing each creator did to hook you.
• Breakdown of the top 26 hooks on Twitter.
• An analysis of the top 20 female creator's hook. Due to the total lack of gender diversity of the top 100 creators, I created one for the top 20 women.
• 12 ways to hook with Thumbnails. A hook can be an image, too.

There's one week left to enroll in our last and best cohort of UNIGNORABLE, where we dive deep into how to grow an audience—of which hooks are a small but crucial part of it. Enroll now.

There are only so many fundamental ways to grow a company. And not all ways work for all businesses. 

Place your product on this chart to get a general idea of what will likely work:

Large bubbles = more money spent. But it generally also means that it works at scale for many companies. Smaller bubbles mean it either has a smaller impact, works less often, or people don’t give it enough credit.

Here's the data used for this chart.

If you haven’t seen the Racecar Growth Framework, it breaks down the “growth engines” and the “boosts/accelerants” that drive true growth,  and recommends the order of operations.

Let’s dive into the 4 quadrants (and edge cases):

• Top-left – Random people would want it + they’re looking for it:
  • Very broadly appealing stuff people actively search out when needed, like kitchen scissors, a plunger, a marketing agency, or a software tool. Usually, that’s done by searching on Amazon or Google.
  • You can’t control who searches for what on Google, so the broader the user, the better.
• Top-right – Specific people + looking for it
  • You can control which trade shows you go to. And people typically go to them to find things to use/buy.
  • You can also do your best to get onto review sites by contacting the creator or incentivizing past customers to post reviews.
• Bottom-left – Random people + not looking for it
  • Very broad things people don’t really need or are likely already using, like kids' toys, Tide, Dove, Colgate, etc.
  • And dumb new products people didn’t know existed in infomercials like the Slap-Chop, Shamwow, and dumb fitness doo-dad.
• Bottom-right – Specific people + not looking for it
  • If they’re not looking for it, you must go to them. You create lists of people that might be interested and contact them via email or mail.
  • Or you use LinkedIn’s great but expensive targeting.
  • To be honest, you can use social ads to do pretty specific targeting by uploading your lists of prospects to the ad channels.
  • One acquisition channel missing here is communities. Whether they’re on Facebook, Circle, Skool, Slack, Mighty, Meetup, or Twitter/X.

Things that fall in the middle generally mean that “it depends.” 

For example:

• Reddit: Sure, it has a very broad user base, but the people in subreddits often have niche interests so it could be a viable way to find your audience.
• Facebook: Posting organically is broad. Groups are similar to subreddits, you can find or create niche ones. And for ads, you can get pretty niche if you do clever things like uploading custom audiences of people you’ve prospected.
• Social Channels: All the social channels are broader if you post organically and can be a lot more niche if you run ads.
• Affiliate: This depends because affiliates can have very niche audiences.
• Magazines: Some are industry-specific, but newspapers, not so much.

Find where your product/audience fits on this chart, and focus your efforts on the proven channels. Check out:

• Our Growth Vault for tactics for each of these,
• Our guides on making/running ads and content marketing.
• And the Racecar Growth Framework for more granular recommendations:

Even if someone uses your product a lot, they'll start to take it for granted. They'll forget what life was like without it.

Reminding them of that value helps make them value you.

Instacart, the grocery delivery app, does this for time and money.

They continuously remind you of the amount you’re saving due to being a premium user (free delivery and reduction in fees), as well as the time you’ve saved so far.

And to celebrate submitting an order, they show you how many hours you’ve saved and how many orders you’ve completed since you’ve started using Instacart:

This is clever because it makes me:

1. Feel like my $100 per year Premium subscription is justified
2. Appreciate how useful Instacart has been
3. Realize just how many times I’ve used it. They use your past behavior as proof.

A few more rapid-fire examples

Opal tells you how much you’ve reduced screen time

Imperfect Foods tells you the impact you’re making

“Groceries that help you fight food waste.”

So it makes sense to highlight the impact:

Toothpaste and mouthwash famously does this

Does mint make your mouth cleaner? No.

Does mint make your mouth feel cleaner? It sure does.

Just like manufacturers add palm oil to shampoo to make it foamier. Because foam is a cue that shampoo and soap is working, even if it doesn’t do anything.

Lastly, Wealthsimple reminds you how much interest you’re earning on your money:

Some quick tips

• Remind people of your value as they use it and asynchronously with emails, push notifications, and texts. Keep doing it for as long as they're a customer.
• Only focus on what they likely care about most:
  • Time
  • Money
  • Impact
  • Efficacy
• Remind people of the:
  • Immediate value: what you’re getting now
  • Historical value: what you’ve gotten so far
  • Future value: what you’ll get if you keep doing it for life
• Make the impact seem larger by increasing the time scale.
  • You’ve saved 300 hours since downloading the app.
  • You’ll look at your phone 11 years less in your lifetime.
• If your product does things in the background (like Wealthfront’s tax loss harvesting), send push notifications indicating it’s working hard for them.
• Look for ways to make your product feel like it’s working. That could be both from clever psychological tricks (mint in toothpaste) or by leveraging the labor illusion (showing the effort you’re putting in).

Remind them how you’re helping them, and your customers will value you more and for longer.